
Topographic History of the Maui Nui Complex, Hawai'i, and Its Implications for Biogeography1
Timing of glacial cycles since 1.4 Ma. Oxygen isotope record for benthic Foraminifera in Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) core 849 from the eastern equatorial Pacific (Mix et al. 1995). Peaks represent periods with high sea levels comparable with present levels; low points indicate glacial periods when sea level was around 120 m lower. Given the many uncertainties of sea-level estimation, this serves as a way to determine the approximate timing of major sea-level changes over the given period.